ammonites

El Rosario: Late/Upper Turonian - Early/Lower Coniacian, Mexico

Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Geography
Country:Mexico State/province:Coahuila
Coordinates: 28.9° North, 102.4° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:31.0° North, 71.2° West
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Altitude:1350 meters
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Cretaceous Epoch:Late/Upper Cretaceous
10 m.y. bin:Cretaceous 6
Key time interval:Late/Upper Turonian - Early/Lower Coniacian
Age range of interval:93.5 - 85.8 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Austin
Stratigraphic resolution:formation
Stratigraphy comments: Limestone in the quarry has been divided into three members (basal gray, middle yellow, upper white)
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:concretionary,pyritic lime mudstone
Secondary lithology: marl
Lithology description: "The sediments are best described by the German word Plattenkalk. The lithology corresponds to micritic, evenly layered, platy limestone, mostly with internal millimetric bedding (flinze), and intercalated calcareous, fine-layered marls (Fäulen)"..."The sediment sequence is monotoneous and consists of evenly layered platy limestone and interlayered millmetrically-layered marls. The limestone layers are micritic mudstones, wackestones, and packstones, with shell hash. Dismicrite or microsparite only occur occasionally as the result of diagenetic overprint. This limestine is between a few tens of mm and more than 0.5 m thick, massive or millimetrically laminated, and resistant to weathering. Carbonate content of the limestone is always higher than 95%. The interlayered marl units reach thickness of 1 m or more."
Environment:offshore shelf
Geology comments: "Quiet water marine environment. Stagnation and a hostile oxygen-deficient bottom environment are indicated by the near-absence of trace fossil and benthic invertebrate associations...Anoxoic conditions are also indicated by thin laminae to thick horizons with concretions of goethite, which formed from the oxidation of primary pyrite, and by the early diagenetic phosphatization of vertebrate and invertebrate fossils...Low energy currents occurred only occasionally and probablyvery locally...Deposition occurred below storm wave base...The abundance of ammonoids, inoceramids and planktonic foraminifera indicate a water depth of at least 50 m, an open marine shelf environment, and normal stenohaline confitions. The extremely rare shallow water, terrestrial and semi-aquatic organisms, and drift wood suggest a distant coast line (>100 km)."
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,mold/impression,trace,soft parts,recrystallized,original calcite,replaced with calcite,replaced with pyrite,replaced with phosphate
Lagerstätten type:conservation
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils,microfossils
Spatial orientation:random
Preservation of anatomical detail:excellent
Abundance in sediment:abundant
Articulated whole bodies:many
Associated major elements:many
Disassociated major elements:many
Disassociated minor elements:many
Fragmentation:occasional
Temporal resolution:snapshot
Spatial resolution:parautochthonous
Taphonomy comments: Vertebrates: "The vertebrate assemblage consists of complete and disarticulated specimens, as well as primary fragments of vertebral columns, single isolated bones, scales, etc. They seem to be randomly distributed in the sediment. Skeletons are embedded laterally, sometimes in dorsoventral position. Many skeletons of our collection are fully articulated, and disarticulated skeletal elements of fishes and other vertebrates appear to be a result of decay during post-mortem floating. At present there is no evidence for major current transport on the sea floor. Most vertebrate fossils are compressed, as a consequence of the compaction of the sediment. Some specimens are preserved in 3D, although flattened. In several of these specimens, geopetal collapse is observed. In general, compressed specimens are embedded parallel to the lamination. Delicate morphological elements (e.g., fin rays, gill rakers and filaments) of some specimens are obliquely embedded, indicating that the sediment must have been soft. According to microprobe analysis, bones are frequently preserved as fluorapatite. Phosphatization of soft parts such as intestinal contents, myotomes, gill filaments, cycloid scales and fins of fishes, is observed occasionally and indicates that replacement of organic tissues by fluorapatite occurred at a very early stage of diagenetic mineralization, preceding or accompanying microbial decay, and often prior to sediment compaction. This process of a very early and almost instantaneous phosphatization has been described as a medusa effect by Martill (1993a)."

Invertebrates: Ammonoids are preserved as compressed internal moulds. Most are embedded laterally in the sediment, but occasional diagonally or vertically embedded specimens also occur and suggest the presence of soft or soupy sediment. Aptychi are mostly found isolated; in rare cases, they still rest in the living chamber. Our collection also includes specimens with a phosphatic preservation of the sipho, either complete or with different degrees of fragmentation. Most inoceramids still preserve their thick prismatic shells, although the aragonitic layer is always recrystallized. In a few specimens, the shell is replaced by goethite indicating very early diagenetic replacement of the periostracum by pyrite. Most inoceramid shells are closed, although separated valves, fragmented shells, or rarely shell hash also occur. Calcitic shells such as oysters, ammonoid aptychi, or foraminiferal tests, are preserved with minor recrystallization. Phosphatization of the invertebrate fossils has been recognized in rare occasions, for instance in decapod crustacean carapaces or ammonite siphos."

Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection:general faunal/floral analysis
Metadata
Database number:92293
Authorizer:R. Butler Enterer:R. Butler
Modifier:R. Butler Research group:marine invertebrate,taphonomy,vertebrate
Created:2009-11-05 05:12:10 Last modified:2009-11-05 05:15:14
Access level:the public Released:2009-11-05 05:12:10
Reference information
Primary reference:
31102 W. Stinnesbeck, C. Ifrim, H. Schmidt, A. Rindfleisch, M.-C. Buchy, E. Frey, A. H. González-González, F. J. Vega, L. Cavin, G. Keller, and K. T. Smith. 2005. A new lithographic limestone deposit in the Upper Cretaceous Austin Group at El Rosario, county of Múzquiz, Coahuila, northeastern Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 22:401-418 [R. Butler/R. Butler]

Secondary references:

31103 E. Frey, M.-C. Buchy, W. Stinnesbeck, A. González González, and A. Stefano. 2006. Muzquizopteryx coahuilensis n. g., n. sp., a nyctosaurid pterosaur with soft tissue preservation from the Coniacian (Late Cretaceous) of northeast Mexico (Coahuila). Oryctos 6:19-39 [R. Butler/R. Butler]